PROSTATE CANCER: WHAT EVERY MAN SHOULD KNOW

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting men worldwide.

 

WHAT IS PROSTATE CANCER?

Prostate cancer occurs when the cells in the prostate gland begin to grow uncontrollably.

They may form tumors that can stay in the prostate or spread to other areas like the bones, lymph nodes and lungs.

There’re 2 main types:

- Slow growing prostate cancer

- Aggressive prostate cancer

Slow growing cancers may not cause symptoms for years, and requires little or no treatment.

Aggressive prostate cancer grows very fast, spreads quickly, and requires immediate attention.

 Understanding its causes, symptoms, and prevention methods can empower men to make informed health decisions and take proactive steps toward early detection.

The prostate is a small gland located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm. Prostate cancer occurs when cells in the prostate grow uncontrollably, forming tumors. While many cases of prostate cancer grow slowly and may not cause serious harm, some are aggressive and life-threatening.

Risk Factors

Several factors increase the likelihood of developing prostate cancer. Age is the most significant, with men over 50 at a higher risk. A family history of the disease also doubles the risk, especially if close relatives have been diagnosed. Ethnicity plays a role as well, with African-American men facing a higher prevalence and mortality rate compared to other groups. Lifestyle factors, such as diets high in saturated fats and sedentary habits, can also contribute to the risk.

Symptoms

Early-stage prostate cancer often shows no symptoms. As the disease progresses, men may experience difficulty or pain during urination, frequent urination (especially at night), blood in urine or semen, erectile dysfunction, or pain in the hips, back, or chest. These symptoms warrant immediate medical attention.

Screening and Detection

Early detection is key to successful treatment. Two primary screening methods are available:

1. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: This blood test measures PSA levels, which can be elevated in prostate cancer or other prostate conditions.

2. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): A healthcare provider physically examines the prostate for abnormalities.

Men should discuss with their doctors when to start screening based on their risk factors and family history.

Prevention and Lifestyle Changes

While some risk factors are unavoidable, such as age and genetics, adopting a healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk. A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, combined with regular physical activity, supports overall health. Limiting processed foods and maintaining a healthy weight also help.

Regular check-ups and open communication with healthcare providers are essential for early intervention. Understanding the risks and symptoms of prostate cancer empowers men to take charge of their health, improving outcomes and quality of life.

Prostate cancer is a serious but manageable condition with the right awareness and action.